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martedì 6 novembre 2012

These Jews forgotten among the Berbers !!!

A dispersed community Saharan by the wind of history Source: Excerpt from "The Jews M'zab" by Charles Kleinkenecht, Director of Civil Services of Algeria (ER), former Sub-Prefect of Ghardaia (Oasis) - Bordering the Sahara, had lived for centuries, if one or two millennia, many Jewish communities, grouped in areas reserved: mellahs. Jews Berber Tamazight and chleuh countries had traditionally oral literary culture and religion. These communities lived in Amazigh tribes, borrowed groups neighboring forms of social organization or even, sometimes, their rituals but kept their religion and religious customs Hebrew. . Most Jewish communities living in the mountains and south of the country, were bilingual (Arabic-Berber), others like to mainly Berber Tifnut. The latter category, a few isolated individuals immigrated to Israel, mainly Ashkelon.Le speak Tamazight was Jewish communication in the family, social and economic but was next to the Hebrew language and traditional culture teaching, explaining and translating the scriptures as Arabic or Judeo old Castilian language communities in Arab or Hispanic. The blessings of the Torah were said only Berber into the Easter liturgy. The language of the Haggadah valuable Pessahs'apparente the Tamazight. Berber version of this Haggadah is now a real historical evidence of the existence of a Jewish diaspora Famile long ignored his doorstep (photod 1953) The Jews fully integrated Berber society, lived in peace and harmony with the Muslims. In addition, these Jews "had all the characteristics of the mountain ... they wore the same dress themselves, and can not distinguish them from their Muslim neighbors "For European Jews, the discovery of primitive fellow was a surprise and not talking about only the memory of the lost tribes, but also reveals their old customs disappeared at a time when themselves began to themselves as a nation and tournaint to biblical lands of the Levant to restore Jewish sovereignty (MRCOCQ) Jewish historians feel more justified this thesis that these forgotten Jewish tribes among the Berbers are clearly part of the 10 lost tribes of Israel disappeared from Samaria as these Ethiopian tribes recently "'repatriated" Israel "wings an eagle "as foretold by the Bible. The eagle has become a beautiful white plane. the situation of Jews in 1962 M'Zab Ghardaia is the capital of Zab, located 630 km south of Algiers, center and north of the Sahara "door of the desert." In 1961 the Jewish population of the region is 978 souls. In 1958, following the positions of General de Gaulle for the maintenance of a French Algeria and to the head of the state, Jews M'Zab, as the majority of Algerians are convinced of the sustainability of French sovereignty in the Sahara. This expectation is much stronger than the oil field of Hassi Messaoud in 70kilomètre northwest of Ghardaia has been discovered in March 1956, and in March 1957, General de Gaulle himself came Ghardaïa affirm that the Saharan oil is the "chance of France." Prosperity seems assured in Sahara with its own Department and will not be involved in negotiations with the FLN. He will remain or become a French Sahara associated with France, even if the independence of Algeria. But when it comes to the cease-fire on 19 March 1962, the Ministry of State for Algerian Affairs. The Evian Accords, with the dropping of the region, causing a general disappointment among the Saharan populations, and among the Jews, a panic. What will they become? They were about 900 and everyone had forgotten that they were not French. The exodus of Jews M'Zab GHARDAÏA In 1962 the Jews M'Zab Ghardaia and territories were not French. By what aberration? Person and so far no one had bothered. WHY? Decrees of 24 October 1870 (Decree Cremieux) and October 7, 1871 had granted French citizenship to Jews full native Algeria. But "Algeria" meant only the geographical territories of the three departments of Algiers, Constantine and Oran as they existed at the time (1870) Saharan territories of Ghardaia and M'Zab not yet militarily occupied and pacified, were not included. After the fatal Evian Agreement, Jews living in the middle and in perfect harmony with Muslims M'zab and territories Ghardaïa were panicking. Their panic and panic are fully justified. For some time, young Muslims utter their specific threats against looting, killings, abduction of women. Girls are jostled in the streets, passages insulted Jews, Jewish pupils beaten in schools by their Muslim classmates. Gatherings of people clustered around violent and threatening the Jewish quarter must be dispersed by the police. Renaissance among Muslims of racism and hatred becomes evident, and specific facts confirm this hostility, for example: - The Jewish shops were boycotted. - It is forbidden for a Muslim to buy a building owned by a Jew. "The Jews came naked, they must leave naked," says on.Les Jews fear therefore return to time Kanoun, the status of Dhimmis. In addition, they are impressed by the statements made by Ben Bella in the Middle East in early 1962, vowing that the troops of independent Algeria, estimated at one hundred thousand men will join those Arab countries to destroy Israel (where 1,034 members community have emigrated). They therefore have the belief that they will one day become hostages to thank you for the Algerians. It was not until June 13, 1962, three months after the cease-fire and twenty days before the vote on self-determination, so really in extremis population that accesses the full French citizenship. This by order of the Minister of Algerian Affairs published in the Official Journal. It is by this measure that the Jews M'Zab, virtually all become French citizens civil status law and can therefore not consider administrative barriers to installation in the metropolis. AND IT WAS THE EXODUS The mass exodus of the community at bay, in a climate of total panic. The local authority was approached by Jewish delegations increasingly urgent that the new accession austatut French civil law encouraged and gave hope the outcome of the proceedings. They asked insitance with their evacuation before the vote on self-determination on 2 July 1962. But a major problem would arise: they refused to face the 600 km drive to reach Algiers for fear of attacks. A solution was needed very urgent Steps were taken to Algiers and Paris and the Alliance Israelite Universelle played a key role for the development of a true inplace airlift 10 devices to ensure the massive departure of 900 Jews still present M'Zab. Direct transport from Noumerat (airfield 15 km from Ghardaia) to Marseille was made and spread over a period of a fortnight. The last gait. There was one last attempt for a Jewish community that is primordiable: safeguarding ancient sacred books Before departure, a strong team of young people proceeded in May, burial books, "sacred writings damaged and unusable," according to a rite that Millennium had been buried over the years or even centuries in tombs provided for this purpose in their cemetery and that in an atmosphere of rage and sadness. As objects of worship and especially the seventeen valuable and often very old Torah that were the pride of the community, they were divided in some bags and transported with the utmost care. Under the protection of the very discreet police and army families regrouped on the airfield with their children, the elderly, their too many infirm, deaf, blind: inbreeding tribes living isolated for too long, had done its work. It was for most of these good people the first plane trip and destination of a France that almost nobody knew. The exodus was total l July 1962, with the exception of three traders who hoped to save their property but they had evacuated his wife and children. Remained without a rabbi, ritual and without blocking too few to meet a "Minyan", they had also finally give up. "Having personally as" repatriated "could accompany the convoys air Ghardaia in Marseille, I have seen how these poor people were shocked, miserable, ignorant of the fate that could await them." (Charles Kleinkenecht, Services Administrator civil Algeria (ER), former Sub-Prefect of Ghardaia (Oasis) - But unlike most other "returnees" just as lost and had to rely on their own will to discover the body could guide the Israelites Saharan particularly confused and too fatalistic to impose, were greeted with a exemplary manner by the staff of United Jewish Fund International, located rue de la Palud in Marseille, transformed into center. Source: Excerpt from "The Jews M'zab" by Charles Kleinkenecht, Director of Civil Services of Algeria (ER), former Sub-Prefect of Ghardaia (Oasis)-Sources: Charles Kleinkenecht Administrator of the civil service Algeria ' http://mdame.unblog.fr/2007/09/17/ces-juifs-oublies-vivant-parmi-les-berberes/

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